In anti-gravity Forearm Pronation, what elbow angle is used?

• A. 0 degrees
• B. 180 degrees
• C. 90 degrees
• D. 135 degrees

Answer: (C)

The key idea is that anti-gravity testing places the limb so gravity provides the resistance in the direction of the movement. For forearm pronation, the elbow is positioned at about 90 degrees of flexion. This midrange setup gives a stable base, aligns the forearm to allow clean rotation about the radioulnar joints, and helps isolate the pronator muscles (primarily pronator teres and pronator quadratus) while you apply resistance to the distal forearm. If the elbow were fully extended or more flexed, the lever arm and which muscles contribute can change, making the test less reliable and more likely to involve other muscles. So the elbow angle used is 90 degrees.